Education is the second of the Millennium Development Goals, which include ensuring that all children complete primary schooling. The average primary completion rate has risen from 62 percent to 72 percent, but even at this pace Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia may not reach the MDG target. In spite of this, through education women are improving their chances in many societies: in 2004 girls outnumbered boys at secondary schools in 84 of 171 countries, according to the 2007 World Development Indicators published by the World Bank. At the university level, women do better still, outnumbering men in 83 of 141 countries. Reduction of child mortality rates is associated with education and gender. The bottom line is that education is a boon to development.